The limits of the industrial revolution and modernization on the Korean Peninsula - At the time of the annexation, the Korean Peninsula lacked everything.
2021-07-10
Category:Annexation of Japan and Korea I'm participating in the ranking.Please click and cheer for me.
What the wheels and needles mean
In １８０５, the Korean Confucian scholar Jeong Dong-yu listed sheep, wheels, and needles as things that did not exist on the Korean peninsula. The wheel refers to the technology that transforms and processes wood, and the needle refers to the precision processing of metal. At that time, there was no technology to make wheels on the Korean peninsula, so cargo was carried on the backs of oxen or carried on the shoulders or heads of people. The needle also needed to have a sharp metal tip and a hole in the back for the thread to pass through, and these items were ordered from China.
Isabella Bird traveled to Korea
Isabel Bird, who traveled to the Korean peninsula four times in three years from １８９４ to １８９７, said, ``The road to Seoul was so narrow that cattle could not pass each other, and it was like a maze.'' It's just a passage," he wrote. It can be seen from this that there were no vehicles with more than two horizontal wheels.
What is needed for the industrial revolution
The industrial revolution produced large machines and produced goods in large quantities. Wood processing technology and metal processing technology are essential to making industrial machinery. Distribution is then needed to transport the products to each region. Vehicles that transport raw materials and products need roads to begin with. In order to communicate work processes to workers and create manufacturing records, workers must be able to read and write. Without a monetary economy, products cannot be manufactured or traded. At that time, the Korean peninsula did not have everything necessary for the industrial revolution.
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Geographically, the Korean Peninsula is covered by the Chinese continent, and successive Korean dynasties have become vassal states - What is Japan's position from the perspective of the continental p
Geographically, the Korean Peninsula is covered by mainland China
A vassal state of China since its founding
Korea continues to be invaded by China
China and Korea were ruled by different ethnic groups
Seeing history from the perspective of northern peoples
South Korea only denounces Japanese rule
The Korean Peninsula has a history that is inseparable from China, as the peninsula's geographical characteristics make it look like it is completely covered by the Chinese continent.
What exactly is this sense of victimhood and hostility toward Japan that Korean people have? The historical differences between China and Japan seen from South Korea are largely due to geopolitical reasons as seen from a map, but that is not the only reason. I would like to think about it in terms of the dominant ethnic group and the ruled ethnic group.
Legend has it that there were countries called Dangun Joseon and Minojo Joseon, but archaeologically it is said that they existed from the later Eishi Joseon.
The legendary Mino Korea is said to have been founded by the Mino of the Shang Dynasty in China, and the Wei Dynasty Joseon is said to have been founded by the Wei clan of the Yan Dynasty in China. Both were founded as vassal states of China.
After that, Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla entered the Three Kingdoms period, and then the Sui Dynasty invaded Koguryo, and the Tang Dynasty invaded Koguryo.
Although Goryeo established a unified dynasty, it was placed under the control of the Later Tang Dynasty shortly after its founding. During the Yuan Dynasty, China was invaded by the Mongol Empire and became a vassal state. The Allied Forces of Mongolia and Goryeo invaded Japan twice, but failed.
Lee Seong-gye, who founded the Joseon Dynasty, is also known as the Jurchen people, and the Jurchen people were an ethnic group that lived in the Manchuria region, and later Hong Taiji founded the Qing Dynasty in China.
From China's point of view, the Korean people are recognized as a different ethnic group living outside the Great Wall of China, and these ethnic groups lived primarily as nomadic peoples, but due to the geographical relationship of the peninsula, the Korean people have decided to settle down. It seems that it has become.
Northern ethnic groups such as the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Khitan, Jurchen, Manchu, and Mongolians were a threat not only to the Han Chinese in China, but also to the Koreans.
Looking at the history of China, there have been only a handful of unified dynasties founded by the Han Chinese, who make up the majority of the country, and for most of its history, different ethnic groups have ruled the Chinese mainland.
When I look at world history, I have never seen a history centered on northern peoples, but if I dare to look at it from that perspective, both China and the Korean peninsula were invaded and dominated by northern peoples.
The Sui, Tang, and Yuan dynasties that invaded the Korean Peninsula mentioned above are different ethnic states in China if you consider them centered on the Han people. It is also a country of different ethnic groups when viewed from the perspective of the Korean Peninsula.
In addition to small-scale direct invasions by foreign ethnic groups, the majority of the history of the Korean peninsula is that they invaded the peninsula after taking control of mainland China.
In this composition, Japan is classified as one of China's peripheral ethnic groups. Geographically speaking, Japan is called Toi in contrast to Northern Yi. They are a neighboring ethnic group common to China and the Korean Peninsula.
If we look at the annexation of Japan and Korea in the above sense, it means that the Korean peninsula was ruled by a different ethnic nation that also shared China. It is also a foreign country to China.
Some people point out the contradiction in that Koreans do not complain about the fact that they were ruled by China for over 1,000 years, but they hold a grudge against Japan for 1,000 years only for 35 years, but in reality, the country of China itself is the same. I wonder if there is a complicated background to the history of a controlled area.
Historically, Japan may still be recognized as a common enemy of China and the Korean Peninsula.
It is said that South Korea's sense of victimhood is something that has been cultivated historically, but if you look closer at the globe, you can see that mainland China has also had a history of being invaded. Based on this, Japan should resolutely clarify its position.
Modernization brought about by Japan
Japan introduced industrial machinery, cars, roads, school education, etc. to the Korean Peninsula. The class system was abolished, slaves were freed, and a mobile labor force was created. This gave rise to mass production, wide-area distribution, and a monetary economy in which money and goods were exchanged. This is the industrial revolution and modernization that Japan brought to the Korean Peninsula.
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Japan organized the history of the Korean peninsula, and Korea eliminated it and created its own history.
It was Japan that organized the history of the Korean Peninsula. Until then, various documents had simply been stored in that location. Systematized from the perspective of modern history. In addition to Japanese historians such as Iwakichi Inaba, Yasukazu Suematsu, and Hidetaka Nakamura, intellectuals and cultural figures from the Korean peninsula such as Hong Hui, Lee Yong-wha, Choi Nam-seon, and Lee Byeong-yeon also participated, for a total of 41 people. Climb to the top. Japanese scholars generously taught intellectuals on the Korean Peninsula the ways of thinking and systematizing modern history.
There are 4,950 materials borrowed from visits throughout the Korean Peninsula, Japan and Manchuria, 1,623 copies of selected important items, and 3,500 used books that serve as historical sources for the text.
After the war, these historical books were created under Japanese rule, and were rejected as a colonial view of history. Instead, an ethnic view of history created by Korean Peninsulars themselves emerged and was introduced into school education. Not only historians, but also the pro-Japanese factions were ostracized from society, saying that they were trying to get rid of all the bad things they had done. This ethnic view of history has led to the unfounded history that leads to the present day.
Not only in history editing, but in all fields, modern technology and learning brought from Japan were rejected as something brought by postwar Japan. The people who were involved in these events are also ostracized as vestiges of the schedule.
In other words, there were many people who helped the development of the Korean peninsula at the time of Japan's annexation of Korea. Historiography, which was established after the war by eliminating dissenters, is far from an academic approach in the first place. Children on the Korean Peninsula today are learning a story that is a continuation of a national historical perspective that lacks objectivity.
His political career was against the assassination of Hirobumi Ito and the annexation of Japan and Korea. The Theory of Conquering Korea and the Political Change of 1896.
On October 26, 1909, Hirobumi Ito was shot dead at Harbin Station. Ito was always against the annexation of the Korean Peninsula. It was Hirobumi Ito who specified the independence of the Korean peninsula in the Sino-Japanese War peace treaty (Article 1 of the Treaty of Shimonoseki) and made the Qing government make a promise.
He retired from the position of Prime Minister in 1901. The Inspector General of Korea also retired in June 1909, and his last post was that of President of the Privy Council. Although the chairmanship was an honorary position, it was also a position in which one had to maintain neutrality and could not exert any political influence.
The chairman, who was neither the prime minister nor the governor, was assassinated.
At the time of the assassination, Hirofumi Ito was in an honorary position that prevented him from exerting any political influence.
Going back to 1873, it was Ito Hirobumi who stopped the Conquest of Korea theory that occurred in Japan. Ito was still young at the time, only 32 years old. This was said to be the 6th year of the Meiji Coup, and His Majesty the Emperor issued an imperial order to abolish the theory of conquest of Korea, leading to the resignation of half of the councilors, including Takamori Saigo, and approximately 600 soldiers and bureaucrats. Masu.
At this point, the Satsuma domain, which was a leading figure in the Meiji Restoration, disappeared from the political scene.
What is unclear is what Ahn Jung Geun's purpose was in killing Hirobumi Ito. Although it was a murder, no bullets from the Browning pistol that Ahn was carrying were found in Ito's body.
Ahn Jung-geun testified that he did not know Ito's face, and wrote clearly in his autobiography. Since Hirobumi Ito had retired from important political positions, his murder had no influence or effect on the Japanese government.
On July 6, 1909, the Katsura Cabinet decided on the ``Policy and General Guidelines for the Annexation of Korea at an Appropriate Time''. The annexation was decided before Hirobumi Ito's assassination, and Ito resigned as prime minister in 1901 because his policy of appeasement on the Korean Peninsula was criticized.
What exactly did he aim to change on the Korean peninsula? He was tried in Port Arthur and listed 15 reasons for the assassination in his statement of reasons. There are many items that are related to Ito and items that are completely unrelated. His charge is murder.
The Browning gun used by An Si-geun was loaded with 7 shots. At the scene, 13 bullets were found.
During the annexation of Japan and South Korea, the Korean Peninsula modernized and achieved economic growth. This is contradictory data from the South Korean government, which does not want to admit
This is the actual state of the Korean peninsula during the annexation of Japan and Korea, as published by the Korean Statistical Office.
Number of doctors: increased approximately 7 times
Number of deaths due to infectious diseases: Significant decrease
Water supply amount: increased approximately 4.8 times
Number of kindergartens: approximately doubled in 10 years
Child protection business: Increased approximately 4.3 times
Number of public elementary schools: increased approximately 7.5 times
Population: Increased approximately 1.8 times
The number of robberies has significantly decreased, etc.
During the Japanese colonial period, the Korean peninsula experienced significant economic growth and was on the path to modernization.
South Korea has complained to the international community that it was annexed by Japan, enslaved, and massacred, but its population appears to be increasing.
The period of annexation between Japan and Korea is approximately 35 years. The reasons why the population increased 1.8 times during this period include maintaining public order, improving medical care, and reducing poverty.
Public order is maintained through laws, police, and the spread of education, and medical care is achieved through the addition of medical personnel and the provision of medicines, medical equipment, and other supplies.
Reducing poverty requires increasing employment through the creation of many jobs and improving the food situation. Japan's social improvements in all of these areas resulted in population growth.
Even though this data is published by the South Korean government itself, the country as a whole is repeating completely contradictory claims.
The truth about the annexation of Japan and Korea - The Joseon Dynasty was unable to become independent - 15 years from the Sino-Japanese War to the annexation of Japan and Korea.
Learning about the history of a short period makes it clear
King flees less than a year after independence
Need mawashi for the return of Koso
The founding of the Korean Empire and the Russo-Japanese War
Restrict Korean sovereignty
Japan-Korea annexation
The Joseon Dynasty that lacked independence ~ The Korean Empire
If you look at the history of only 15 years from the Treaty of Shimonoseki to the annexation of Japan and Korea, you can clearly see that Japan did not violently take away the independence of the Korean Peninsula. Japan supported #independence on the Korean peninsula and ultimately gave up on it. This is the historical truth.
Treaty of Shimonoseki (April 1895): The Korean peninsula became an independent nation as a result of the peace treaty resulting from the Sino-Japanese War. Shunseimon Incident (November 1895): An incident in which pro-Russian pro-Russian leader Lee Beon-jin plotted to assassinate Prime Minister Kim Hong-ji. Roguan Banseong (February 1896): An incident in which Gojong, the head of state, fled to the Russian legation, fearing for his safety due to the conflict within Korea following the Shunshomon Incident. Less than a year after independence, they renounced their sovereignty.
Komura-Weber Agreement (May 1896): Japan and Russia jointly supervise the internal affairs of Korea, and as a condition for Gojong, who is currently in the Russian legation, to return to the palace, the number of Japanese and Russian troops to be stationed, etc. We have arranged. Yamagata-Lobanov Agreement (June 1896): Guarantee of Korean independence between Japan and Russia, promotion of financial reform in Korea, organization of modern police and military, telegraph An agreement was made to hold the line.
Establishment of the Korean Empire (1897): Gojong was able to return to Gyeongun Palace on the premise of an agreement between Japan and Russia. He changed the country's name to the Korean Empire and called himself Emperor. Although it means being on the same level as Japan and China, Japan approves of this. Earn of the Russo-Japanese War (1904): Russia's interests in the Korean Peninsula continued to expand, and the Russo-Japanese War broke out.
First Japan-Korea Treaty (1904): The Korean government appointed a person recommended by the Japanese government to serve as the Korean government's financial and diplomatic advisor. Second Japan-Korea Treaty (1905): An agreement in which Japan deprived South Korea of its diplomatic rights and established South Korea as a protectorate, including the establishment of a supervisor. The Hague Emissary Incident: (1907): An incident in which Gojong dispatched an emissary to an international conference in The Hague in the Netherlands, but was unable to meet with representatives of any country. The conference recognized Japan's jurisdiction over the Korean Peninsula.
The annexation of Japan and Korea was approved by the cabinet (July 1909): The Katsura Cabinet approved the ``Policy to carry out the annexation of Korea at an appropriate time and outline of facilities for Korea''. Assassination of Hirobumi Ito (October 1909): Hirobumi Ito was assassinated at Harbin Station. Japan-Korea annexation (August 1910): Japan and Korea were annexed by the "Treaty on Annexation of Korea."
To summarize the above trends, Japan fought the Sino-Japanese War and made the Korean Peninsula an independent nation. He even made arrangements for the head of state who had fled to the Russian legation to return to Korea, leading to the establishment of the Korean Empire, which was given the name of an empire on a par with Japan and China.
Even so, Russia's advance southward could not be stopped at all, and the conflict between pro-Russian and pro-Japanese factions in Korea continued. After the Russo-Japanese War, Japan judged that the Korean Peninsula could no longer be independently governed and began to restrict its authority. With the backing of pro-Japanese groups such as Isshinkai, Junshu concluded a treaty of annexation of Japan and Korea.
a slave system rooted on the Korean Peninsula.The status system was abolished for the first time under Japanese rule. The slavery system is closely related to agricultural culture. In China, the area south of the line connecting the Qinglin Mountains and the Why River receives more than 1,000 mm of annual rainfall. The north side is less than 1000mm, the south side has a rice cultivation culture, and the north side has a field cultivation culture.
Because field farming was simply inefficient, slaves were in high demand. Therefore, many slaves were used in the north. People who committed crimes were turned into slaves, and they were mass-produced by turning them into slaves in exchange for debt.
Because rice cultivation was introduced from southern China, Japan became a culture of rice cultivation, and field farming was introduced to the Korean Peninsula from northern China. Slaves were bought and sold as property as labor for field crops.
He was sold to five slaves for one cow. Rice was cultivated on the southern Korean peninsula, but it was not until the late Joseon period of the Joseon Dynasty that direct seeding was used.
Between the 15th and 17th centuries, slaves accounted for 30-40% of the Joseon Dynasty population. According to Ulsan household registration data from 1609, 47% were slaves. In 1606, 64% of Sancheong people in South Gyeongsang Province were slaves. The scale of slaves was 50% in the Korean region.
The first attempt to eliminate racial discrimination internationally was a proposal made by a Japanese delegation at the Paris Conference of the League of Nations in 1919.
This was not passed due to strong opposition from the United States. The first international effort to eliminate racial discrimination was the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, published in 1969.
Japan's slave system began in the early 10th century after the collapse of the Ritsuryo system, and the Edict to Abolish Slavery was issued in the middle of the Heian period. However, in reality, human trafficking was not eradicated, and the Edo Shogunate often issued prohibition orders in 1612, 1619, and 1683, and cracked down on it severely.
Slavery was legally abolished in China by Aixinjueluo Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued in 1863, but it was not until the repeal of Jim Crow laws in 1964 that racial discrimination became illegal in the United States.
On the Korean peninsula, the slave and white prison systems were legally abolished with the Gabo Reform of 1894, but the actual situation did not change due to the failure of the Gashin Coup.
Kim Ok-gyun, who defected to Japan and was assassinated in Shanghai while aiming for Japanese-style modernization, argued that the feudal class system in Korean society was the root of inequality and the main cause of the country's corruption and decline.
Due to the annexation of Japan and South Korea and the introduction of the family register system, the need to list one's status on the family register was abolished. A surname was given to a slave who was not considered human and did not expect a surname. This allowed children to attend school.
The yangban groups opposed to the liberation of their status held violent demonstrations, but they were quickly put down by the Japanese government, which believed that educational opportunities should be provided to all regardless of their status.
Japan was the first country in the world to call for the elimination of racial discrimination. And slavery ended in the early 10th century.
