Economy of the Yi Dynasty Korea "Japan introduced a monetary economy" The central bank of the Korean Empire is Japan's No. １ bank.
2021-07-10
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Monetary economy did not develop on the Korean Peninsula
In the early Joseon Dynasty, exchange was limited to salt, a proprietary product, and cloth, rice, and grains. After that, linen, cotton cloth, rice, etc. were traded as physical currency. Kozo coins were issued in １４０１ to encourage currency, but they did not become widespread.
In １４２３, a bronze coin called Joseon Tsubo was created, and in １４６４, a coin was coined, but these were used for the purpose of collecting taxes for the state and were not distributed to the general public. In １６７８, the Johei Tsuho coin was minted.
This coin was issued for about two centuries, but confusion occurred because each government office was allowed to mint it. In １８６６, Daewongun minted １００ coins to rebuild finances and rebuild Gyeongbokgung Palace.
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Geographically, the Korean Peninsula is covered by the Chinese continent, and successive Korean dynasties have become vassal states - What is Japan's position from the perspective of the continental p
Geographically, the Korean Peninsula is covered by mainland China
A vassal state of China since its founding
Korea continues to be invaded by China
China and Korea were ruled by different ethnic groups
Seeing history from the perspective of northern peoples
South Korea only denounces Japanese rule
The Korean Peninsula has a history that is inseparable from China, as the peninsula's geographical characteristics make it look like it is completely covered by the Chinese continent.
What exactly is this sense of victimhood and hostility toward Japan that Korean people have? The historical differences between China and Japan seen from South Korea are largely due to geopolitical reasons as seen from a map, but that is not the only reason. I would like to think about it in terms of the dominant ethnic group and the ruled ethnic group.
Legend has it that there were countries called Dangun Joseon and Minojo Joseon, but archaeologically it is said that they existed from the later Eishi Joseon.
The legendary Mino Korea is said to have been founded by the Mino of the Shang Dynasty in China, and the Wei Dynasty Joseon is said to have been founded by the Wei clan of the Yan Dynasty in China. Both were founded as vassal states of China.
After that, Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla entered the Three Kingdoms period, and then the Sui Dynasty invaded Koguryo, and the Tang Dynasty invaded Koguryo.
Although Goryeo established a unified dynasty, it was placed under the control of the Later Tang Dynasty shortly after its founding. During the Yuan Dynasty, China was invaded by the Mongol Empire and became a vassal state. The Allied Forces of Mongolia and Goryeo invaded Japan twice, but failed.
Lee Seong-gye, who founded the Joseon Dynasty, is also known as the Jurchen people, and the Jurchen people were an ethnic group that lived in the Manchuria region, and later Hong Taiji founded the Qing Dynasty in China.
From China's point of view, the Korean people are recognized as a different ethnic group living outside the Great Wall of China, and these ethnic groups lived primarily as nomadic peoples, but due to the geographical relationship of the peninsula, the Korean people have decided to settle down. It seems that it has become.
Northern ethnic groups such as the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Khitan, Jurchen, Manchu, and Mongolians were a threat not only to the Han Chinese in China, but also to the Koreans.
Looking at the history of China, there have been only a handful of unified dynasties founded by the Han Chinese, who make up the majority of the country, and for most of its history, different ethnic groups have ruled the Chinese mainland.
When I look at world history, I have never seen a history centered on northern peoples, but if I dare to look at it from that perspective, both China and the Korean peninsula were invaded and dominated by northern peoples.
The Sui, Tang, and Yuan dynasties that invaded the Korean Peninsula mentioned above are different ethnic states in China if you consider them centered on the Han people. It is also a country of different ethnic groups when viewed from the perspective of the Korean Peninsula.
In addition to small-scale direct invasions by foreign ethnic groups, the majority of the history of the Korean peninsula is that they invaded the peninsula after taking control of mainland China.
In this composition, Japan is classified as one of China's peripheral ethnic groups. Geographically speaking, Japan is called Toi in contrast to Northern Yi. They are a neighboring ethnic group common to China and the Korean Peninsula.
If we look at the annexation of Japan and Korea in the above sense, it means that the Korean peninsula was ruled by a different ethnic nation that also shared China. It is also a foreign country to China.
Some people point out the contradiction in that Koreans do not complain about the fact that they were ruled by China for over 1,000 years, but they hold a grudge against Japan for 1,000 years only for 35 years, but in reality, the country of China itself is the same. I wonder if there is a complicated background to the history of a controlled area.
Historically, Japan may still be recognized as a common enemy of China and the Korean Peninsula.
It is said that South Korea's sense of victimhood is something that has been cultivated historically, but if you look closer at the globe, you can see that mainland China has also had a history of being invaded. Based on this, Japan should resolutely clarify its position.
Repeated inflation due to mass production of currency
Rather than rebuilding finances, they were mass-produced, causing the value of the currency to plummet and its currency to be denominated in １８６８. Although the Gosen was issued in １８８３, its value quickly plummeted and its currency was banned in １８９５. Cupronickel coins were issued in １８９２, but they were used as supplementary coins during the gold standard system.
In other words, the economy of the Korean Peninsula is based on barter. Slaves were also sold in exchange for five slaves and one cow.
Introduction of loans and Japanese banks managing customs
After the Sino-Japanese War, Japan introduced loans to overcome the financial difficulties on the Korean Peninsula. Customs belonged to the Daiichi Bank of Japan, and customs duties were collected in Japanese currency. The money consolidation project was financed by loans from Japan, and Japan's First Bank became the central bank of the Korean Empire.
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Technology and knowledge of the Korean Peninsula at that time from pictures of unicycles on the Korean Peninsula.
This photo is often introduced as an interesting ride on the Korean Peninsula, but how about comparing it to the second one in terms of efficiency and cost?The second one is a Japanese rickshaw, but neither is a modern vehicle.The difference is whether it is one wheel or two wheels.
At that time, there was no technology to make wheels on the Korean Peninsula, so it was imported from China.The wheels were expensive, and even though they were aristocrats on the Korean Peninsula, they moved on one wheel.As a result, the biggest difference is the number of people driving the car.In the case of one wheel, it becomes unstable when people ride on top of it and requires two people in front and back.In the case of two wheels, it can be operated by one person for stability.It can be imagined that human costs were much lower than wheels.Or there was no concept of labor costs.If you think about transportation efficiency, you can say everything about agricultural work and transportation of goods.If you need twice as many people to transport things, production efficiency cannot be increased.
It is said that nearly half of the people were slaves at the end of Joseon.If you just order the slaves, there will be no labor costs.
According to Jeong Dong-yu, a Confucian scholar in the Joseon period, "The Sheep, the Car, and the Needle" is not available in Joseon.During the Joseon Dynasty, there was no technology to bend and round wood to make wheels, and there were no horse-drawn carts, cattle carts, rickshaws, or agricultural water wheels.Will this be effective in farming?The absence of needles indicates that metal processing techniques are extremely low.Needles must be made with the technique of sharpening metal and must not be broken.Also, it is necessary to make a hole in the rear part where the thread can be machined.During the Joseon Dynasty, wheels and needles were obtained from China.
You can't make things without those tools.In order to make the tool, we need the tool to make it.Japan's industrial revolution was made possible based on craftsmanship handed down over 1,000 years.They made production facilities and railways that they learned from the West in imitation.
In winter, the Korean Peninsula is cold and warm, but when Japan came to Korea, it was bare and bare.As soon as it rained on the bare mountains, a lot of water flooded the fields and destroyed the crops.Japan planted forests on the mountains of the Korean Peninsula.The number has reached 1 billion in 10 years since 1911.This is a problem unrelated to the Industrial Revolution.This is because it is a matter of improving the efficiency and planning of human resources.During the Joseon Dynasty, no progress was made due to the servitude of the people, and technology and knowledge were lost.
Korea cries out that it was taken away by Japan due to the annexation of Japan and South Korea, but there was nothing on the Korean Peninsula when Japan went there.
If there is no money economy, there is no capitalism
Without a money economy, there can be no capitalist economy. Japan modernized the Korean Peninsula and developed the market, including the monetary economy and the circulation of capital. Even now, when South Korea conducts transactions with other countries, letters of credit for accounts payable are issued by Japanese private banks. Without this letter of credit, Korean companies cannot conduct international transactions.
Japan rescued the past two currency crises
Japan also provided relief during South Korea's currency crises in １９９７ and ２００８. The very currency that is the backbone of the Korean economy becomes something that Japan gives credit to. Although Japan no longer issues currency haphazardly and causes catastrophic inflation as it did during the Joseon Dynasty, no country has ever experienced a currency crisis twice in １０ years. In that sense, it can be said that Wong remains vulnerable. This is the history of currency on the Korean Peninsula up to the present day.
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The blatant lie that Japan stole Korea's independence - Joseon was not an independent nation.
Joseon Dynasty unable to resolve domestic issues
The annexation of Japan and Korea was carried out peacefully
Japan disappears and splits into North and South
Divided constitution that continues today
It is clear that at the end of the Joseon Dynasty, the Joseon dynasty lacked the power to govern the country. The person who put an end to the Imo Army Rebellion was Yuan Shikai. Who did Queen Min rely on to suppress the rebellion of the Donghak Party? This is also pure. This caused the Sino-Japanese War to break out. What happened after Japan became an independent country after the Sino-Japanese War? Next is the division between pro-Russian and pro-Japanese factions. This led to the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War.
The Junsong Dynasty was unable to settle the domestic turmoil through imperial edicts, and wrote that it wanted to entrust the country to His Majesty the Emperor of Japan. Japan and the Korean Peninsula were annexed by treaty. It is said that the Japanese army attacked, but that is not true at all. What is the basis for assuming that the Korean Peninsula was an autonomous nation at the time? If Japan had been an autonomous nation in the first place, there is a possibility that neither the Sino-Japanese War nor the Russo-Japanese War would have occurred.
So what happened to the Korean Peninsula after Japan's defeat? It was divided into north and south. Despite saying that the Japanese Empire had left, the country was divided into pro-Russian, pro-China, and pro-American forces.
What would happen if we looked at present-day South Korea? This is also a pattern of division between pro-China and pro-American factions. Moreover, the previous Moon Jae-in administration pursued a surprising foreign policy of promoting Chinese-led unification with North Korea, an enemy country. Throughout history, the Korean peninsula may have been viewed from the Japanese perspective, but it can also be said that the most stable period on the Korean peninsula was during the Japanese colonial period.
You can see the Korean Peninsula written by William Griffith in the United States before the Japanese rule of Korea.
The Dutchmen escorted to Seoul looked as beasts of prey.Crowds flocked to see the foreigner with a white face and a red beard.Women are more desperate than men to get a better view of themselves.Everyone wanted to see the Dutch drink.It was believed that Westerners picked up their noses above their ears when they drank.
Korea is likened to a man, the king to his head, the nobility to his torso, and the people to his feet.The chest and abdomen are swollen, while the head and lower limbs are thin.The nobles not only slurp the blood of the people, but also infringe on the king's authority.The country is suffering from congestion and bureaucratic edema.
The abundance of torture is enough to show that Korea is still a semi-civilized country.The inventions of courts and prisons include iron chains, bamboo for hitting the back, paddle-shaped instruments for hitting the bottom, whip for beating the calf until the meat is torn, rope for choking meat and internal organs, handcuffs and cane, and boards for hitting the knees and shins.
It's impossible to have contact with a woman after marriage.A woman is almost always confined to her inner chamber and cannot even look out of the house without permission.Because isolation is too strict, fathers kill their daughters, husbands kill their wives, and wives kill themselves just because outsiders touch them.
Joseon's architecture is in a very primitive state.Castles, fortresses, temples, monasteries and public buildings are no match for the grandeur of Japan and China.Despite its long history, this country has few stone remains.The house is either a tile-roofed house or a straw-roofed house, with almost no exceptions.Small cities are not arranged in regular streets, but scattered everywhere.Even in large cities and capital cities, the streets are narrow and winding.
The Korean people are generally illiterate.Four out of ten peasant men may be able to read Chinese or Korean, but about 85 percent of them cannot read or write if women are counted in.However, regional differences are large.
There are no samurai in Korea.What Korea lacks in Japan is a well-trained body and mind, a soldier, a scholar, and a cultural group with high ideals of loyalty, patriotism and self-sacrifice.
There are several books that convey the Korean Peninsula at that time, but the contents are common, and the tyranny, bureaucratic corruption, and culture of the aristocrats are barbaric.Lee is the only one who draws a different world from Korea.
The truth about Queen Min assassination is completely different from what South Korea claims.None of the Japanese were punished.
In 1906, King Gojong said, "There was a criminal among my men " and killed six people, including Cho Hee-yeon, Woo Beom-sun, Lee Doo-hee, Lee Jin-ho, Lee Beom-rae, and Kwon Hee-jin, who were pardoned by the Russian legation for the assassination of Queen Min.
King Sunjong, who was at the scene of the murder, reported that he witnessed Woo Beom-sun as the "enemy of his mother," and Woo Beom-sun himself confessed that he had killed Queen Min.Woo Beom-sun was assassinated on November 24, 1903 in Wu, Hiroshima Prefecture by King Sunjong's alleged stabbers Ko Young-geun and Roh Yoon-myeong.
In Korea, two days after the assassination of Queen Min (October 10), before Queen Min's death was announced to the public, Daewongun issued an imperial decree that deprives him of his status as queen of Queen Min and drops him to the common people.At this time, Queen Min's death had not yet been made public.In other words, ordinary people have died in Korea.
The Korean government certified that Heungseon Daewongun was the mastermind.
The case was treated as an assassination case led by Daewongun.Queen Min is then declared dead as a commoner.
The story of the Japanese assassination of Queen Min, believed by Koreans, is that they killed Queen Min smiling, and angry with oil after carefully examining the queen's body with two or three cuts, naked.By the way, there is no presentation of the evidence as usual.Like the story of Japanese Military comfort woman and the story of Gunkanjima, the story is transformed into a sensational story, and the other party is shocked and the conclusion is changed to a groundless story.Do you want to say that King Gojong's subordinates did this in front of his son Sunjong and many others?
At the time of Queen Min assassination, there were about 100 court ladies and maids, and only one Queen Min was killed.There was someone who knew Queen Min's face.No one had mistaken to assassinat Queen Min for other woman.Only a limited number of people have access to Queen Min.Moreover, after the murder, the criminals fled immediately.This is not the time to pour oil into.
By the way, the theory that the current photograph of Queen Min is not Queen Min introduced in Japanese and European materials until 1910 as "Korean wives in formal clothes," "Maiden of the Palace," and "Maiden."It was after World War II that the photograph was called Queen Min.
The truth about Queen Min assassination is completely different from what South Korea claims.None of the Japanese were punished.
48 officials, including Japanese diplomat Minister Miura, were tried in Japan and released due to insufficient evidence, and all eight officers submitted to the court-martial have been acquitted.
Joseon Dynasty, where slaves accounted for 40% of the population.The annexation of Korea and Japan abolished the slave system that had lasted for 2,000 years.
Slavery system that lasted for 2,000 years
Rangban called for mass production of slaves
Ryoban opposed the policy of reducing slaves
The slavery system was abolished through the Kogo Reform and the annexation of Japan and Korea
Who on earth held a grudge against Japanese rule
In Korean academic circles, it is estimated that when the population during the Joseon Dynasty was around 10 million people, around 4 million people, or about 40%, were slaves.
In 695, during the Unified Silla period, a document from a survey of four villages in Nishiwongyeong (near present-day Cheongju) records that 28 people out of a population of 460 were taken as slaves. The ratio is just over 6%.
Similar records can be found in the fiefdom that Lee Seong-gye received in 1391, just before the opening of Korea. Of the 162 people living there, only 7 people, or about 4.3%, were slaves. This will increase to 40% of the population in 100 years.
During the Goryeo period, if one of the parents was a slave, the child was also a slave, and marriage between a slave and a yangban adopted child was illegal. Since it was only inherited by slaves, it did not increase significantly.
In Japan, the slave system was abolished with the end of the Ritsuryo system. The period is the beginning of the 10th century.
With the advent of the Joseon Dynasty, the system of the Goryeo Dynasty was gradually loosened, and the Yangban began actively promoting marriages, believing that it would be better to increase the number of slaves by marrying slaves and adopted children instead of marrying slaves to each other. He recommended marriages between adopted children and slaves. This is because the yangban were able to increase their wealth by using slaves who were almost unpaid.
Since slaves are not required to serve in the military or pay taxes, the increase in the number of slaves is not a positive phenomenon for the nation. For this reason, some Korean kings implemented policies to reduce the number of slaves.
Taizong established that any child born to a male slave (a class other than slaves) and a female slave would qualify as a good person. At that time, yangban often kept female slaves as concubines, so this measure reduced the number of slaves and played a major role in adoption.
When the number of slaves decreased, yangban bureaucrats began to rebel against it, and they demanded its abolition, using the pretext that ``female slaves are disturbing human morals by marrying good men without permission.''
In 1485, during the reign of King Sejong, the ``Geongoku Daten'' made it clear in the law that if one parent was a slave, the child would also be a slave. The number of slaves in Korea increased rapidly again.
In some areas, such as Ulsan and Danseong, the percentage of slaves was close to 50-60% of the population, and in 1663, it was recorded as 73% in the Hanseong family register.
The yangban mass-produced slaves to enrich their own pockets, and the country engaged in a tug-of-war over and over again, as if the number of slaves increased any further, tax revenue would decrease as a national benefit. The power of the Yangban was strong within Korea, and even the king could not ignore it.
As a result, the slave system was nominally abolished by the Kogo Reform of 1885. The Kobo Reforms are the reforms that Japan demanded after the Korean Peninsula became an independent country after the Sino-Japanese War.
Ultimately, after the annexation of Japan and South Korea in 1910, the establishment of the family register system and the change of names to the So family led to the abolishment of status records on family registers, and the systematic slave system came to an end.
With modernization under Japanese rule, the slave system that had lasted 2,000 years since recorded history on the Korean peninsula ended, and as many as 40% of slaves were freed.
A big question arises here. Nearly half of the population was liberated from slavery, gained rights as ordinary people, and began to live a civilized life. Do these people hold a grudge against Japanese rule? "I will not forgive Japan for liberating me, my family, and my future descendants from a life of slavery"...?
The yangban were indeed deprived of the right to abuse slaves and enrich their own pockets. Then, perhaps one day, they suddenly became the same class as the people who had previously been slaves. There is no doubt that the anti-Japanese movement was led by people who were dissatisfied with having their rights taken away from Japan.
South Korea says that Japan colonized the Korean Peninsula, but Japan liberated as many as 40% of its slaves. The Korean peninsula was colonized by the Yangban, a privileged class of Korea.
be not originally an independent country Is it true that Japan has taken over the independence of the Korean Peninsula?After the Sino-Japanese War, Japan gained independence on the Korean Peninsula and became a substantial protectorate.Korea say that this is the first step in Japanese colonialization, but the reason why it became a protectorate is simple: the Korean Peninsula had no military defense, administrative organization, or tax management.
Japan's goal of make Korea become an independent country through various reforms was frustrated coused by the sudden escape of Gojong. King Gojong will be under Russian pressure and his interests on the Korean Peninsula will be transferred to Russia.As Russia's rights and interests expanded, Ito Hirobumi resigned as prime minister in 1901 after being held responsible for conciliatory policies on the Korean Peninsula.
Even after King Gojong returned, Russia's policy toward the south did not stop, and after the Uiwa War, Russia stationed in Manchuria, it developed into a Russo-Japanese War.Japan had deprived the Korean Peninsula of its diplomatic rights.After the Russo-Japanese War, King Gojong continued to sell his country by connecting with Russia.He seemed to have thought that he could exclude Japan by Russian side.In the end, Japan gave up its independence from the Korean Peninsula and headed for the annexation of Japan and South Korea.
At first period, the Korean Peninsula was independent for the first time under Japanese protection.The Korean Peninsula government abandoned its efforts to achieve substantial independence and approached Russia.Russia's demands for interests have intensified, and Japan has concluded a treaty of annexation with Korea.
Technology and knowledge of the Korean Peninsula at that time from pictures of unicycles on the Korean Peninsula.
This photo is often introduced as an interesting ride on the Korean Peninsula, but how about comparing it to the second one in terms of efficiency and cost?The second one is a Japanese rickshaw, but neither is a modern vehicle.The difference is whether it is one wheel or two wheels.
At that time, there was no technology to make wheels on the Korean Peninsula, so it was imported from China.The wheels were expensive, and even though they were aristocrats on the Korean Peninsula, they moved on one wheel.As a result, the biggest difference is the number of people driving the car.In the case of one wheel, it becomes unstable when people ride on top of it and requires two people in front and back.In the case of two wheels, it can be operated by one person for stability.It can be imagined that human costs were much lower than wheels.Or there was no concept of labor costs.If you think about transportation efficiency, you can say everything about agricultural work and transportation of goods.If you need twice as many people to transport things, production efficiency cannot be increased.
It is said that nearly half of the people were slaves at the end of Joseon.If you just order the slaves, there will be no labor costs.
According to Jeong Dong-yu, a Confucian scholar in the Joseon period, "The Sheep, the Car, and the Needle" is not available in Joseon.During the Joseon Dynasty, there was no technology to bend and round wood to make wheels, and there were no horse-drawn carts, cattle carts, rickshaws, or agricultural water wheels.Will this be effective in farming?The absence of needles indicates that metal processing techniques are extremely low.Needles must be made with the technique of sharpening metal and must not be broken.Also, it is necessary to make a hole in the rear part where the thread can be machined.During the Joseon Dynasty, wheels and needles were obtained from China.
You can't make things without those tools.In order to make the tool, we need the tool to make it.Japan's industrial revolution was made possible based on craftsmanship handed down over 1,000 years.They made production facilities and railways that they learned from the West in imitation.
In winter, the Korean Peninsula is cold and warm, but when Japan came to Korea, it was bare and bare.As soon as it rained on the bare mountains, a lot of water flooded the fields and destroyed the crops.Japan planted forests on the mountains of the Korean Peninsula.The number has reached 1 billion in 10 years since 1911.This is a problem unrelated to the Industrial Revolution.This is because it is a matter of improving the efficiency and planning of human resources.During the Joseon Dynasty, no progress was made due to the servitude of the people, and technology and knowledge were lost.
Korea cries out that it was taken away by Japan due to the annexation of Japan and South Korea, but there was nothing on the Korean Peninsula when Japan went there.