Japan that supported the Xinhai Revolution, Japan that protected the Last Emperor, and China that followed the West.
2021-11-25
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China's history is 72 years
It is said that China has a history of 4,000 years, but that would be wrong. The People's Republic of China was established in 1949, so it is now 72 years old. At least since the founding of the Republic of China, it has been China, and Xi Jinping said at the 110th anniversary commemoration of the Xinhai Revolution that it is the People's Republic of China that will inherit Sun Yat-sen's will, but it is still 110 years old.
It is correct to say that human history has existed in what is now China for 4,000 years. Mainland China is an area where different ethnic groups founded various countries and then disappeared.
The Xinhai Revolution was carried out with support from Japan
Sun Yat-sen was a person who learned about Japanese society and the Meiji Restoration when he defected to Japan, and succeeded in the Xinhai Revolution. They were supported by Japan's Takeshi Inukai and Toten Miyazaki. Sun Yat-sen said, ``Japan's Restoration was the cause of the Chinese Revolution, and the Chinese Revolution was the result of Japan's Restoration,'' and ``The two were originally connected to achieve the restoration of East Asia.''
In that case, wouldn't it be Sun Yat-sen and his supporters from Japan that created the current China?
MEMO It was Japan that supported the Xinhai Revolution, and Sun Yat-sen also inherited Japan's hopes for the restoration of East Asia.
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Study abroad boom in Japan at the end of the Qing Dynasty - The Korean peninsula missed the chance to modernize, and China failed to inherit the revolutionary spirit and plunged into civil war.
Japan study abroad boom in China
Studying in Japan begins with 13 students
Korea became an independent nation in the Sino-Japanese War
The Korean Peninsula missed the chance to modernize
Even after the Qing Dynasty fell, the revolutionary spirit was not inherited
Wang Zhaoming government established after the Sino-Japanese War
In China, a boom in studying abroad in Japan arose after the Sino-Japanese War. The purpose of studying abroad was to learn about Japan's modernization and policy of enriching the country and strengthening its military. Emperor Guangxu, Kang Youwei, and other Chinese intellectuals carried out the Restoration movement of ``transformation and self-strength,'' but it was thwarted by the pressure of conservative forces. Subsequently, educational reforms at the time were modeled on Japan, including the abolition of the imperial examination system (1905), the establishment of the modern school system (1904), the promulgation of the "Educational Philosophy" (1906), and the trial of compulsory education (1907). This is what we sought.
In 1896, for the first time, 13 young people were sent by the Qing Dynasty government to study in Japan, where they studied Japanese, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and other subjects for three years at the Tokyo National Higher Normal School's cram school. It is said that approximately 20,000 international students had come to Japan by the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911.
Political figures include Zhou Enlai, Li Dabei, Chen Duxiu, Wei Bei, Dong Yiwu, Chiang Kai-shek, Man Zhongshi, and Wang Zhaomei. Sun Yat-sen came to Japan as an exile in 1895. Cultural figures included Lu Xun, Guo Muruo, Tian Han, and He Xianggong.
While Joseon Dynasty was aiming for Chinese-style modernization, the Sino-Japanese War broke out in the wake of the Gongbo Peasants' War, and with Japan's victory, the Korean Peninsula became an independent nation. Kim Ok-gyun, who called for Japanese-style modernization, was assassinated about four months before the Sino-Japanese War began.
The movement of modernization on the Korean Peninsula was actually faster than in China. However, it did not become a big sensation and was crushed by the Joseon Dynasty, which had an old political system. Ironically, this was also due to pro-China policies. On the other hand, immediately after losing the Sino-Japanese War, China changed its policy toward Japanese-style modernization. Koten Miyazaki describes Kim Ok-gyun, who was exiled to Japan and was assassinated in Shanghai, as a person who should have become the Sun Yat-sen of the Korean Peninsula. Miyazaki, along with Takeshi Inukai and others, supported Sun Yat-sen's Xinhai Revolution. The Korean Peninsula has failed to modernize on its own.
As a result, in 1911, Sun Yat-sen succeeded in the Xinhai Revolution and founded the Republic of China, but as a condition of Emperor Xuantong's abdication, he made an exchange deal in which Yuan Shikai, a Beiyang warlord, became president, and the Qing dynasty ended. became increasingly authoritarian. A second revolution will begin to overthrow this. Even after the Northern Expedition was completed and Chiang Kai-shek became the president of the Nationalist Party, the division of China in the West continued. The spirit of Sun Yat-sen's revolution was to learn from Japan's Restoration and to stand together with the West and maintain our independence.
As the partition of China progressed, the Sino-Japanese War broke out, and the spirit of revolution was inherited by Wang Zhaoming's Nanjing Provisional Government. He was a close aide to Sun Yat-sen, had the experience of studying abroad in Japan, and participated in the Greater East Asia Conference. Over a long period of time, China failed in its revolution. On the contrary, the civil war between the People's Republic of China continued, and the People's Republic of China with a completely different ideology was born, not to mention Sun Yat-sen's revolution. The Japanese Restoration that Sun Yat-sen aimed for was not only about modernization, but also about achieving a rich nation and strong military in Asia, and protecting its independence from becoming a Western colony.
Japan is the only country with people of color that has succeeded in modernizing itself. It was only natural for Asian countries to learn from Japan in order to modernize.
The Last Emperor who sent donations for the Great Kanto Earthquake
Aixinjue Luo Puyi was the last emperor of China, the Xuantong Emperor, and is the so-called Last Emperor. After the Xinhai Revolution, Puyi made living in the Forbidden City a condition of his abdication. When Japan was struck by the Great Kanto Earthquake, Puyi announced that he would send donations to Japan, including a large amount of jewelry from within the Forbidden City.
Japan protected the exiled Puyi
Afterwards, the Beijing Coup occurred and Puyi was expelled from the Forbidden City, but Japan protected him. He approached Kenkichi Yoshizawa for protection through donations. Puyi was then protected by the Japanese concession of Tianjin.
After Japan's Kwantung Army conquered the Manchuria region, Puyi became the first emperor of Manchukuo. Although Manchukuo existed as a puppet government of Japan, Puyi lived as emperor again until the Soviet Union entered the war.
Read it together
The Last Emperor who appeared at the Tokyo Trials The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the first emperor of Manchukuo looked at the times.
The Last Emperor appeared at the Tokyo Trial
The Xinhai Revolution was a Chinese revolution supported by Japan
A revolution that had no choice but to join forces with the old dynasty forces
Russia's hand extended to the continent and peninsula
The idea of harmony between the five tribes of Manchukuo
The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was Aixinjueluo Puyi. He was also called the Last Emperor and appeared at the Tokyo Trials. There, in front of GHQ, he praised Sun Yat-sen's Xinhai Revolution as an innovative move for China, and said that the Qing bureaucracies at the time were deeply corrupt.
The Xinhai Revolution was a Sino-Japanese joint revolution that was supported by important Japanese figures to modernize China under the rule of the former dynasty. Sun Yat-sen is Sun Yat-sen. Nakayama is a Japanese name, and it was the name of his time in exile in Japan. Puyi understood this very well.
Manchuria was a territory of the Qing Dynasty that Russia came to take over. The Qing Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty founded by the Manchu people, that is, by Puyi's ancestors.
The Xinhai Revolution had to rely on Yuan Shikai's help to suppress the Beiyang warlords, and it cannot be denied that it was a half-hearted revolution, so Puyi's conditions of residence in the Forbidden City were revoked and he was exiled.
The conflict between Russia's interests in Manchuria and the conflict on the Korean Peninsula progressed simultaneously. Russia thought it would be a good idea to colonize China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan in the same way as Northeast Asian nations.
The Russo-Japanese War not only stopped the Russian colonization of the Korean Peninsula, but also eliminated Russian interests from Manchuria and led to the establishment of Manchukuo. Puyi then became the first emperor of Manchukuo.
Puyi, a Manchurian, was expelled from the Forbidden City and ascended the throne again in his homeland. Many workers came and went from the Korean peninsula to Manchuria, and many people from the Korean peninsula immigrated to cultivate the fertile land of Manchuria. Manchukuo's spirit of ``Five Tribes Harmony'' is an ideal that was built on the reality that these ethnic groups coexist: Japan, Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, and the Han Chinese.
It is said that Japan was carrying out plunder and genocide on the Korean Peninsula. It's strange.
Did China inherit Sun Yat-sen's will?
When thinking about who inherited Sun Yat-sen's will, it is not the People's Republic of China, assuming Sun Yat-sen's words, ``The two are originally connected as one and will achieve the restoration of East Asia.'' That's clear. The Chinese Communist Party is an anti-Japanese force, and current China is an anti-Japanese nation.
And even though China is in Asia, has it not sided with the West in its efforts to colonize Asia?
POINT China sided with the West in World War II. The Potsdam Declaration was jointly signed by the United States, Britain, and China.
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Will Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Foreign Minister Lavrov enter a new era by promising cooperation in various fields?
Lavrov, who is visiting China on the 30th, held talks with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi.Foreign Minister Wang Yi said, "The will of both sides to develop bilateral relations will become stronger and the belief to promote cooperation in various fields will become stronger."Foreign Minister Lavrov responded by saying, "We will continue to develop our relations with China steadily."
In addition, Chinese state media wrote that we have no restrictions on cooperation between China and Russia on Twitter,there are no restrictions on peace, security and opposition to hegemony.
During the invasion of Ukraine, it was confirmed that China was aiming to develop relations with Russia.It can be interpreted as , which includes military field, among the cooperation in various fields that Wang Yi said.If any security cooperation is established between Russia and China, China's invasion of Taiwan will become a reality.In this case, the United States, like Ukraine, is likely not to defend Taiwan.At least the current Biden administration is likely to abandon Taiwan easily if China and Russia become a barrier.
Does this mean that China has taken the lead in building relations with Russia while there is no clue to improving relations with the United States?In the first place, the U.S.-China relationship began with the aim of bringing China to the U.S. camp in Asia and putting pressure on the Soviet Union during the Cold War.President Nixon's surprise visit to China will be followed by normalization of diplomatic relations between Japan and China.The United Nations recognized the People's Republic of China as China's representative government, and the Republic of China (Taiwan) withdrew from the United Nations.If China were to join the Russian camp this time, it would be a self-evident result that the opposite effect, or the movement to pressure the liberal camp, would intensify.Nevertheless, it is hard to imagine that the United States and other liberal countries will bring China back by improving relations with China.China may not have been the card to deal with.
Chinese Foreign Ministry "China celebrates the election of President-elect Yoon Seok-yeol as South Korea's new president," a spokesman for China's Foreign Ministry said at a regular press conference on Tuesday. "We hope to promote healthy and stable development of bilateral relations with South Korea."
Contrary to the official stance, Chinese foreign policy experts are paying keen attention to what kind of policies Yoon will take when he mentioned China's strong opposition to the deployment of additional high-altitude missile defense systems and the quad.
Mainstream Chinese media, including Xinhua News Agency and CCTV, introduced Yoon's thoughts on "developing mutually respectful Korea-China relations," but the network of patriotic Internet media said that Yoon is considered "Korea's Trump." Chinese media "Peng Peng" said that President-elect Yoon is advocating strengthening the Korea-U.S. alliance, and introduced the analysis of Professor Wang Xiaok-ku of Jilin University that "Korea-China relations will face a relatively big challenge in the future."
Cha Hull, secretary general of the Center for International Public Opinion Research at the Chinese think tank, told the Dong-A Ilbo, "If Yoon joins the Quad, the relationship between Korea and China will deteriorate further than the THAAD situation." Cha said, "Third was a missile threat to North Korea, but Quad clearly intends to target China. If it is decided to join, China will impose strong sanctions such as restricting South Korean companies' access to the Chinese market and suspending trade." He also said, "With China set to form a new leadership at the 20th party convention this fall, the check on the public will be accepted as an attempt to obstruct and destroy it."
Former Global Times editor Hu Jintao pointed out on his social media that "Korea's trade with China is larger than the combined trade with the U.S., Japan and Europe," adding, "There is a possibility that Cheong Wa Dae will take a big step to reverse Korea-China relations."
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Will Ethiopia's default be the end of African investment? Debt trap derived from One Belt, One Road.
China's One Belt, One Road initiative is set to go even further down the road after Africa's Ethiopia defaulted on the 2nd, unable to pay interest on its debt due in December. The countries circled on the map in the image are the countries where China is primarily investing. Ethiopia, which defaulted this time, is marked in red. One Belt, One Road is a route south to Italy in Europe, but Italy has announced its withdrawal from One Belt, One Road. This is the departure of the western base. Where is Kitaji's base? It is now Kiiv, the capital of Ukraine, which is currently at war.
Yellow countries are those with excessive debt to China. Includes Sudan and Somalia. These are the countries along the Suez Sea, including Ethiopia, which follow the Suez Canal, and China was trying to gain control of the sea route to the Mediterranean Sea. The rationale is simple: once the One Belt, One Road project starts, we can make a lot of money, so why not borrow money and prepare?
South Africa has the highest GDP among African economies, and it can be seen that the countries on the land route to South Africa are also trying to keep it in check. Countries other than the ones circled account for 36.9% of China's investments in Africa, so it is spreading money to almost all countries. The purpose is to buy votes from the United Nations. African countries account for approximately 28.5% of the votes in the United Nations. This is what is behind China and the West, dismissing it as a minority opinion.
This is actually related to the Taiwan Strait issue. Mainly African countries support China's "one China principle." Africa does not want to get into trouble with its creditor country, China, over a faraway island with which they do not have any exchanges.
If the countries along the Suez Sea default, the Belt and Road initiative will end for Africa.
The Last Emperor who appeared at the Tokyo Trials The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the first emperor of Manchukuo looked at the times.
The Last Emperor appeared at the Tokyo Trial
The Xinhai Revolution was a Chinese revolution supported by Japan
A revolution that had no choice but to join forces with the old dynasty forces
Russia's hand extended to the continent and peninsula
The idea of harmony between the five tribes of Manchukuo
The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was Aixinjueluo Puyi. He was also called the Last Emperor and appeared at the Tokyo Trials. There, in front of GHQ, he praised Sun Yat-sen's Xinhai Revolution as an innovative move for China, and said that the Qing bureaucracies at the time were deeply corrupt.
The Xinhai Revolution was a Sino-Japanese joint revolution that was supported by important Japanese figures to modernize China under the rule of the former dynasty. Sun Yat-sen is Sun Yat-sen. Nakayama is a Japanese name, and it was the name of his time in exile in Japan. Puyi understood this very well.
Manchuria was a territory of the Qing Dynasty that Russia came to take over. The Qing Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty founded by the Manchu people, that is, by Puyi's ancestors.
The Xinhai Revolution had to rely on Yuan Shikai's help to suppress the Beiyang warlords, and it cannot be denied that it was a half-hearted revolution, so Puyi's conditions of residence in the Forbidden City were revoked and he was exiled.
The conflict between Russia's interests in Manchuria and the conflict on the Korean Peninsula progressed simultaneously. Russia thought it would be a good idea to colonize China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan in the same way as Northeast Asian nations.
The Russo-Japanese War not only stopped the Russian colonization of the Korean Peninsula, but also eliminated Russian interests from Manchuria and led to the establishment of Manchukuo. Puyi then became the first emperor of Manchukuo.
Puyi, a Manchurian, was expelled from the Forbidden City and ascended the throne again in his homeland. Many workers came and went from the Korean peninsula to Manchuria, and many people from the Korean peninsula immigrated to cultivate the fertile land of Manchuria. Manchukuo's spirit of ``Five Tribes Harmony'' is an ideal that was built on the reality that these ethnic groups coexist: Japan, Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, and the Han Chinese.
It is said that Japan was carrying out plunder and genocide on the Korean Peninsula. It's strange.
Will Xi Jinping's reform and opening-up policy continue to be revised in his third term? - There is no change in his ambition to unify Taiwan.
Xi Jinping's third term begins
Will the reform and opening-up policy continue to be revised?
Free industrial investment is essential for industrial growth
What is necessary to continue economic growth
No change in ambition to annex Taiwan
With the end of the Communist Party Congress and the start of Xi Jinping's third term, various reports have been made. Taken as a whole, it seems that the direction of revision of the reform and opening-up policy since Deng Xiaoping has been indicated. The results of Xi Jinping's economic policies are unclear in every sense, but it is clear that China's economy has grown due to the reform and opening-up path initiated by Deng Xiaoping, the partial introduction of market economic theory, and U.S.-China relations. Although Xi Jinping does not explicitly criticize these, what he is doing appears to be aiming for a return to the old style of Chinese socialism.
Although this is a country where individuals cannot own real estate, laws that allow individuals to buy and sell rented real estate are restricting growing real estate companies and forcing them into bankruptcy, and reining in the heads of growing companies like Alibaba. Does Xi Jinping think that these economic elements are a threat to China's socialist forces that were born on the path of reform and opening up? I have to say that his sense of being a threat is correct. This is because a liberal economy will destroy the socialist system.
In order for the economy to continue to grow, we must ensure as much freedom as possible. There are limits to simply investing in certain industries that the country has chosen as part of its national policy. A process in which these industrial investments are opened up to the private sector, private banks are free to make industrial investments, and private companies are free to commercialize services that have never existed before is an essential condition.
Various freedoms are essential for this, including freedom of speech, freedom of thought and belief, and academic freedom. This creates new social norms and new ways of living, which in turn leads to the creation of new products and services. Plants have a chance to flourish when they grow freely as intended.
Critics say that Xi Jinping has chosen stability over growth. What is worrisome, however, is that there has been no change to the ambition to unify Taiwan. Such restorationists are likely to advocate nationalism and wage wars of aggression. You can imagine this by looking at the current President Putin.
The Last Emperor who appeared at the Tokyo Trials The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the first emperor of Manchukuo looked at the times.
The Last Emperor appeared at the Tokyo Trial
The Xinhai Revolution was a Chinese revolution supported by Japan
A revolution that had no choice but to join forces with the old dynasty forces
Russia's hand extended to the continent and peninsula
The idea of harmony between the five tribes of Manchukuo
The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was Aixinjueluo Puyi. He was also called the Last Emperor and appeared at the Tokyo Trials. There, in front of GHQ, he praised Sun Yat-sen's Xinhai Revolution as an innovative move for China, and said that the Qing bureaucracies at the time were deeply corrupt.
The Xinhai Revolution was a Sino-Japanese joint revolution that was supported by important Japanese figures to modernize China under the rule of the former dynasty. Sun Yat-sen is Sun Yat-sen. Nakayama is a Japanese name, and it was the name of his time in exile in Japan. Puyi understood this very well.
Manchuria was a territory of the Qing Dynasty that Russia came to take over. The Qing Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty founded by the Manchu people, that is, by Puyi's ancestors.
The Xinhai Revolution had to rely on Yuan Shikai's help to suppress the Beiyang warlords, and it cannot be denied that it was a half-hearted revolution, so Puyi's conditions of residence in the Forbidden City were revoked and he was exiled.
The conflict between Russia's interests in Manchuria and the conflict on the Korean Peninsula progressed simultaneously. Russia thought it would be a good idea to colonize China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan in the same way as Northeast Asian nations.
The Russo-Japanese War not only stopped the Russian colonization of the Korean Peninsula, but also eliminated Russian interests from Manchuria and led to the establishment of Manchukuo. Puyi then became the first emperor of Manchukuo.
Puyi, a Manchurian, was expelled from the Forbidden City and ascended the throne again in his homeland. Many workers came and went from the Korean peninsula to Manchuria, and many people from the Korean peninsula immigrated to cultivate the fertile land of Manchuria. Manchukuo's spirit of ``Five Tribes Harmony'' is an ideal that was built on the reality that these ethnic groups coexist: Japan, Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, and the Han Chinese.
It is said that Japan was carrying out plunder and genocide on the Korean Peninsula. It's strange.